Ornamental finish



June 28; 1932.

Figk.

F. B. ROOT ORNAMENTAL FINISH Filed March 8. 1929 Famkbrhn. I 3mm AW gwumtoo Patented is, 28, 1932 UNITED -STATES.

PATENT oFFlcs FRANK BRIAN ROOT, OF EAST ORANGE, JERSEY, ASSIGNOB T CHADELOID CHEMI- CAL COMIPANY, 0F YORK, N. Y., A

CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.

OBNAMENTAL FINISH Application filed March 8,

' 1 0 always made to obtain a substantially smooth surface and irregularities of surface finish were studiously avoided. every effort being directed in the prior art to a substantially smooth surface. The present invention is concerned with continuous coatings or finishes, but in accordance with present dis-' closure the finish instead of being smooth presents a wrinkled finish.

Among the obj ects of the present invention is the production of a patinized effectin coatings on articles of manufacture.

Other and further objects and advantages will appear from the more detailed description given below, it being understood how- 2 everthat this more detailed description is given by way of explanation and illustration only, and not by way of limitation, since various changes therein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing to from the scope and spirit of the presentdis closure. 4 p

In general it may be stated that wrinkle finishes are desirably-produced by applying the desired composition to the surface of an article on which the particular effect is to be produced, and then baking or drying the coated article at a temperature at which the wrinkle finish appears. Such finishes have proved very pleasing and attractive. The

wrinkling appears to be due to rapid oxidation of the surface of the applied film resulting in the formation of a skin overtheless oxidized material on the interior of the coating, the surface film increasing in volume and expanding laterally. The adhesion of the surface coating material for the surface of the article carrying that coating, prevents expansion beyond the confines of that article, so that the expansion of the oxidized film at the surface of the coating results in a 1929. Serial No. 845,458;

wrinkling of the surface film, the less oxi dized material on the interior of the coating flowing into folds.

1 The general effect in the wrinkle finish v coatings, the wrinklingis controlled so that Y accentuated effects are obtained at various points of the coating, whereby improved ornamental features are procured.

The drawing is illustrative of the wrinkle effect produced in accordance with present invention, and there is shown in Figure 1, a portion of a panel carrying a. wrinkle finish coat; and in Figure 2, a section through a portion of the panel of Figure 1 showing the wrinkle coating upon the panel. a

For producing sitions' are chosen which under drying or baking conditions give the particular efiect herein denominated wrinkle finish. An important component of such compositions is a drying oil. The principal drying oils that need be considered in this connection are China wood or tung oil, linseed oil, and perilla oil, although other drying oils may be used.

Among the less common drying oils there may be mentioned chia, oiticica, walnut, poppy-seed, sunflower, candle nut, lumbang, hempseed, fish, etc. be used in the production ofwrinkle finishes are hereinafter generically referred to as wrinkling oils. While China wood oil gives satisfactory results in wrinkling finishes, the best results are obtained with these drying oils when they have been blown or partially oxidized and preoxidized.

While a varnish or other composition to be used to produce a wrinkle finish must contain a substantial proportion of a-wrinkling oil, admixtures of the non-wrinkling oils may be used so long as the amount of thelatter is not sufficient to eliminate the wrinkle finfor the best effects,

ish. In such admixtures the desired effects, compo so I The oils which may thus Jao;

not less than half of the oil mixture should be a wrinkling oil. It is obvious that similar considerations apply to admixtures of any number of oils whether of the wrinkling or 6 non-wrinkling types: in all such cases the best effects are obtained in the finish if the amount of wrinkling oil is at least half of the oil content thereof.

i The extent of wrinkling in the finish varies in accordance with the amount of resin that is present in the varnish or composition. For

each wrinkling oil there is a certain range of oil-to-resin ratios within the Limits of which the wrinkling takes place to give the wood oil the most practicable limits insofar as theappearance of the finish is concerned is from about 6 to 18 gallons of oil to 100 pounds of resin.

. Similarly, for untreated China wood oil, it is about 8 to gallons; for blown perilla, 10 to for blown linseed'oil, 14 to 35. There is also a lower limit of the oil-to-resin ratio for the production of the more satisfactorily appearing finishes. This ratio varies with the different wrinkling oils. For blown wood oilfabout 5 gallons of the oil to 100 pounds resin produces. a varnish giving a more or less well defined effect. With ratios of wood oilbelow that mentioned, the-wrinkle efi'ect falls off while with higher ratios it is more pronounced. This number which may be remeasure of the activity of a wrinkling oil, that is, the lower this ratio is, the more powerful is the wrinkling tendency of theoil. The following series expresses the relative activity of the named wrinkling oils blown China wood oil 5; China wood oil 6 blown pei'illa oil 8; blown linseed oil 12. y j Of the resins usable in the production of wrinkle finishes and which resins may be denominated wrinkling finish resins the following may be noted: Congo, kauri, damar, Cumar, Pontianak, manila. Zanzibar, elemi, mastic, phenol-formaldehyde resins particularly of the oil soluble variety, glycerolphthalic condensation products particularly of the oil soluble variety, paracoumarone,

- resins andresin'esters. 7 Some substances such as pyroxylin, nitrocellulosegilsonite, and rosin apparently tend v to inhibit the wrinklingefiect. Such materials should-therefore not be used in proporv ltions to prevent the 'desiredwrinkle finish.

In small amounts these substanceshaving a" wriuiklingv inhibiting tendency, produce yeryfine wrinkleswhile in large amounts finish best effect; For example, for blown China ferred to asthe' lowest wrinkling ratio is a Congo ester, rosin ester, and mixtures of these they maycompletely eliminate. wrinkling. Rosin if-used in large amount, alsotends to* produce irregularities-in the size and inthe "finterrrikbetween wrinkles in the resulting,

Solvents or thinners are not a main fac tor since. any moderately volatile solvent can be used.- .Preferably the major portion of the solvent or thinner should distil below about 325 F. The thinner used may be a mixture of several thinning components. The low boiling thinner evaporates more quickly from the varnish or enamel romotes the rapid formation of a surface s 'n, and dur-- ing drying assists in maintaining a greater differential between the degree of oxidation of the surface skin and the oil within the film.

' When the finish is dried at elevated tempera v tures, the use of low boiling thinners also assists in eliminating any tendency toward sagging of the finish during the drying op- 'eration. The following are illustrative of the thinners and solvents that may be used: Light naphtha, toluol, benzol, petroleum ether or hgroin (benzine), acetone, carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, chloroform, ethylacetate, etc., andmixtures of these. .To some extent, the character of the finish may be varfed by the quantity. and character of the thinner used. Turpentine and ,nther highboiling thinners may also be used. More pronounced wrinkles are produced with compositions containing the lower boiling point thinners.

Driers and drier combinations are also an important element in the composition, since the wrinkled effect appears to be somewhat determined by the rate of oxidation of the wrinkling oil. Such dri rs as cobalt acetate, redlead, manganese he ate, lead linoleate, etc., used alone or in a 'xture with each other or with other driers are illustrative.

The compositions may be made and applied as either clear varnishes or pigmented enamels. For example, such enamels may be prepared by mixing with the clear varnish compositions,.a pigment paste ground in a varnish or a gum solution.

To exemplify the types of compositions that may be used in the production of varnis hes, etc, that yield wrinkle finishes the following specific examples are noted:

- Ewample 1 I 100 lbs. Congo 4lbs.rosin m 3% 1bs.' red lead .2 lbs. manganese oxidelOgals. wood oil l 1 10 gals. light naphtha 32 gals. toluol.

pronounced wrinkling eflt'ects, untreated is the best of the untreated or un- Example 3 100 lbs. Congo lbs. red lead 2% lbs. manganese lead gals. blown linseed oil 10 gals. light naphtha 18 gals. toluol.

Example 4 100 lbs. Congo 4 lbs. rosin 1% lbs. red lead lb. manganese b'orate 2 gals. China wood oil 6 gals. blown wood oil 4' gals. blown soya bean oil. 5 gals. light naphtha 17 gals. toluol.

Example '1 is exemplary of a varnish that contains blown wood oil as the only wrinkling oil, and this composition gives a very uniform efi'ect.

Example 2 illustrates the use of unblown or unoxidized China wood oil. A. very good wrinkling efi'ect is obtained with this composition. Blown wood oil and other blown drying oils generally give very desirable and but Wood oil oxidized drying oils that can be used.

Example 3 tion gives a well-defined and a uniform wrinkling effect.

Example 4 illustrates the use of a non-. oil specifically given in the bean oil may be substituted for the blown oil andinstead of soya bean oil there may also be used any semior non-drying oil such as cotton seed, corn, castor, rape-seed, rubberseed, olein, etc. 1

In producing the improved wrinkled finish of this invention, it is advantageous to dry or bake the applied finish of varnish or enamel, preferably at an elevated temperature depending-on the type of article being treated; For metal and related surfaces a temperature of 150 F. up to approximately 450 F. may be advantageously used. For wood and similar materials somewhat lower temperatures such as 120 F. up to 140 F.

may rapid oxidation of the surface of the applied filmis promoted and any tendency towar diffusion of oxidation products from .the

' surface into the interior of the film is illustrates the use of blown linseed oil in the composition. This composibe utilized.- "At elevated temperatures three hours at 200 F., in two hours at 250 F., in one and one-half hours at 300 F., and in three-quarters of an hour at 400 F.

Drying at elevated temperatures also assists in connection with wood and related articles,

the compositions may desirably contain more oil. Further, the higher oil content gives added flexibility so that the long oil compositions are desirable for use in metal stamping,

or on leather, paper, cloth, rubber, etc. Example 4 above gives a baked film that is quite elastic due to the high oil content. 7 There of considerations directed to the types of compositions and the baking temperatures which afi'ect the character of the wrinkles produced in the finish. Other factors however are also found which aifect the character of the wrinkles produced. For example, the thickness of the applied film will result in diflerences in the finish. Thinner'films give finer wrinkles and thicker films coarser Wrinkles. When spraying is used, spray nozzles giving coarse atomization give greater deposition of composition and consequently coarser wri hand spray nozzles of finer atomization give thinner films with finer wrinkles.

It has been found that the compositions and finishes of the present invention are characterized by an exceedingly imp'ortantproperty, namely, the quality which they possess to mask or hide'a surface to which they have been applied, and this property may be referred to as their hiding quality. term hiding quality is used with more or less the same meaning that the expression covering quality is used in. the paint art. It is a remarkable thing, for example, that a single yet the resulting finish will completely mask the metal surface. Prior art paint compositions on the other hand require at least several coats in order to secure a comparable hiding effect.

Thus the application of a'coating of clear wrinkle finish composition, which is generally more or less golden or golden bronze in (1 color, to a bright reflecting surface, say of sheet metal, produces the so-called patinized effect. Sheet tin or tinned sheet iron may be treated in this way and the cheap supporting surface is given a rich patina at an; ex-

tremely low cost. If the surface to which such composition is applied is a tin surface or other surface of similar character, a veryrich bronze eifect is produced. The development of such patina without use of any pighave been set forth above a numbercoat of unpigmented wrinkle finish may be applied to a bright metal surface and nkles, while on the other This ment inthe finish is a striking illustration of the unique properties of these wrinkle finish compositions. The actual depth of color developed may be somewhat modified by the h of the heat treatment.

temperature and len or baking operation, igher temperatures and more protracted. heating tending to give darker bronze colors.

vsirably is the whole class of containers in cluding such articles as candy boxes, waste paper baskets, cans for cosmetics and other materials, etc. w

These compositions for producing the patinized effect may also be utilized in con nection with metal stampings. 'Insuch instances the coating composition should exhibit sufficient flexibility to withstand the stamping operation. Example 4 set forth above is exemplary of a long oil varnish that yields suflicient flexibility for such operations. In this manner a wrinkle finish enameled tin can can be readily produced.

The uniform character of the wrinkle finish obtained with the com o'sitions and methods set forth above may e modified by the conditions under which the baking operation is carried out. For example, for the production of wrinkle finishes having a textured effect resulting from accentuation of certain of the rugosities or wrinkles at certain points or areas in the finish, the article to be treated may desirably be coated heavy coating of the wrinkle composition and then dried and baked in an inclined position. The angle of the pieceduring the baking operation=will more or less determine the effect to be obtained in this way, the maximum effect of course being obtained with the piece in substantially vertical 'position.

In the case of articles having a number of faces that are coated in this manner, durng the baking operation some of these-faces or surfaces may he angularly placed while others are substantially=-horiz.ontal, with the result that a duplex effect isobtained the angular-1y placed surfaces developing a textured efi'ect while the horizontalsurfacesare'produced with a substantially uniformly wrinkled surface. The textured effect which results in this case appears to be due to. a flowing orfmovement of the film after it is applied and at or about the time when the baking commences, but before the baking has calised the setting of the finish to take place to anextent where such movement or flowing by gravity would be precluded. However, the flowing or movewith a relatively ment of the wrinkled coating maybe effected in other ways, as by the use of air currents.

Figure 1 of the drawing illustrates a panel tion of wrinkles over the surface of that panel, the sectional view of Figure 2 showing the wrinkled coating B carried by the metal late p The baked or dried finishes of the present invention are particularly resistant to softening by lacquer compositions or the solvents used in such compositions. So that although the rugose surface of the wrinkle finish affords a very extensive area for the action of such solvents or lacquers such as nitrocelshowing the more or less uniform distribu-v to such softening action. Consequently the wrinkle finishes and compositions used for producing such coatings are particularly desirable as under-coats Where a wrinkle finish is desired, and such under coats may be given one or more coats of pyroxylin enamels, oil enamels or baking J apans. When pigments are used in the wrinkle finish which have a tendency to change or to darken under the action of elevated temperatures, these finishes may be coated with pyroxylin compositions. While certain theoretical considerations have been set' forth above in an attempt to explain some of the effects obtained, it should e understood that this invention is not limited by such theoretical considerations, be-

. cause the compositions and methods discussed above do result in the particular effects set forth, and it is immaterial what may be the actual cause of such effects. Pronounced effects 'of the character herein set forth are readily obtained with the compositions and methods outlined above.

Having thus set forth my invention, I claim: 3

1. An ornamented articleof manufacture comprising an article having a bright reflectingsurface carrying a single, wrinkle finish coating whereby a patinized finish is obtained. 4

2. An ornamented article'of manufacture comprising a metal article having a bright reflecting surface carrying a single wrinkle finish coating that is at least translucent whereby a patinized finish is obtained.

3. An ornamented article of manufacture comprising a metal article having a bright reflecting surface carrying a baked, single, unpigmented wrinkle finish coating where-' by a patinized finish is obtained.

4. An ornamented article of manufacture comprising a metal article having a light re flectin'g tinned surface, carrying a single, unpigmented, wrinkle finish coating whereby a patinized finish is obtaine FRANK BRIAN ROOT,

unpigmented, 

